Impressum
GoTo:
Home
 
Metaphern Akazien Verlag   
 
Lesezeichen [ Info # Jobs # QR-Code # Sitemapper ]Fr 29 März 2024 01:16:51


 huecker.com # Grundlagen der Programmierung | Tcl Tutorial.
--

 

. Information about Files - file, glob .

[ Previous | Index | Next ]

There are two commands that provide information about the file system, glob and file.

Glob provides the access to the names of files in a directory. It uses a name matching mechanism similar to ls, to return a list of names that match a pattern.

File provides two sets of functionality:

  • string manipulation appropriate to parsing file names
    • dirname ........ Returns directory portion of path
    • extension........ Returns file name extension
    • rootname ....... Returns file name without extension
    • tail .................... Returns filename without directory
  • information about an entry in a directory:
    • atime ................ Returns time of last access
    • executable ..... Returns 1 if file is executable by user
    • exists ................ Returns 1 if file exists
    • isdirectory ...... Returns 1 if entry is a directory
    • isfile .................. Returns 1 if entry is a regular file
    • lstat ................... Returns array of file status information
    • mtime ............... Returns time of last data modification
    • owned ................ Returns 1 if file is owned by user
    • readable............ Returns 1 if file is readable by user
    • readlink............. Returns name of file pointed to by a symbolic link
    • size ..................... Returns file size in bytes
    • stat ..................... Returns array of file status information
    • type .................... Returns type of file
    • writable ............ Returns 1 if file is writeable by user

Between these two commands, a program can obtain most of the information that it may need.

glob ?switches? pattern ?patternN?
returns a list of file names that match pattern or patternN

Switches may be one of:

-nocomplain
Allows glob to return an empty list without causing an error. Without this flag, an error would be generated when the empty list was returned.
--
Marks the end of switches. This allows the use of "-" in a pattern without confusing the glob parser.

Pattern follows the same matching rules as the string match globbing rules with these exceptions:

  • {a,b,...} Matches any of the strings a,b, etc.
  • A "." at the beginning of a filename must match a "." in the filename. The "." is only a wildcard if it is not the first character in a name.
  • All "/" must match exactly.
  • If the first two characters in pattern are ~/, then the ~ is replaced by the value of the HOME environment variable.
  • If the first character in pattern is a ~, followed by a login id, then the ~loginid is replaced by the path of loginid's home directory.

Note that the filenames that match pattern are not in a sorted order.

file atime name
Returns the number of seconds since 1/1/1970 when the file name was last accessed. Generates an error if the file doesn't exist, or the access time cannot be queried.
file dirname name
Returns the directory portion of a path/filename string. If name contains no slashes, file dirname returns a ".". If the last "/" in name is also the first character, it returns a "/".
file executable name
Returns a 1 if file name is executable by the current user, otherwise returns a 0.
file exists name
Returns a 1 if the file name exists, and the user has search access in all the directories leading to the file. Otherwise, a 0 is returned.
file extension name
Returns the file extension.
file isdirectory name
Returns 1 if file name is a directory, otherwise returns 0.
file isfile name
Returns 1 if file name is a regular file, otherwise returns 0.
file lstat name varName
This returns the same information returned by the system call lstat. The results are placed in the associative array varName. The indexes in varName are:
  • atime.......time of last access
  • ctime.......time of last file status change
  • dev...........inode's device
  • gid............group ID of the file's group
  • ino............inode's number
  • mode.......inode protection mode
  • mtime.....time of last data modification
  • nlink........number of hard links
  • size...........file size, in bytes
  • type..........Type of File
  • uid.............user ID of the file's owner

Because this calls lstat, if name is a symbolic link, the values in varName will refer to the link, not the file that is linked to. See stat also.

file mtime name
Returns the time of the last data modification in seconds since Jan 1, 1970.
file owned name
Returns 1 if the file is owned by the current user, otherwise returns 0.
file readable name
Returns 1 if the file is readable by the current user, otherwise returns 0.
file readlink name
Returns the name of the file a symlink is pointing to. If name isn't a symlink, or can't be read, an error is generated.
file rootname name
Returns all the characters in name up to but not including the last ".". Returns $name if name doesn't include a ".".
file size name
Returns the size of name in bytes.
file stat name varName
This returns the same information returned by the system call stat. The results are placed in the associative array varName. The indexes in varName are:
  • atime.......time of last access
  • ctime.......time of last file status change
  • dev...........inode's device
  • gid............group ID of the file's group
  • ino............inode's number
  • mode.......inode protection mode
  • mtime.....time of last data modification
  • nlink........number of hard links
  • size...........file size in bytes
  • type..........Type of file
  • uid.............user ID of the file's owner
file tail name
Returns all of the characters in name after the last slash. Returns $name if name contains no slashes.
file type name
Returns a string giving the type of file name, which will be one of:
  • file...................................Normal file
  • directory........................Directory
  • characterSpecial.......Character oriented device
  • blockSpecial.............. Block oriented device
  • fifo...................................Named pipe
  • link..................................Symbolic link
  • socket............................Named socket
file writable name
Returns 1 if file name is writable by the current user, otherwise returns 0.

--

. Example .

   set ail1 [glob PATTERN1]
   set ail2 [glob PATTERN2]

   set fmt "%-12s %-16s %8s %-7s"
   puts "[format "$fmt Comment" "Directory" "Name" "Inode" "Type"]"

   foreach name [concat $ail1 $ail2] {  
    ;# split the name into pieces for display:

    set dir [file dirname $name]
    set filename [file tail $name]

    ;# Collect some status and type info.

    file stat $name arr
    set type [file type $name]

    ;# Display what we've learned.

    puts -nonewline "[format $fmt $dir $filename $arr(ino) $type]"
  
    ;# and particular data depending on whether item is a file 
    ;# or symbolic link.

    if {[string match [file type $name] "link"]} {
     puts " points to: [file readlink $name]"
    }

    if {[string match [file type $name] "file"]} {
     puts " Size: [file size $name] bytes "
    }
   }
  

--
[ Home | Top ]
[ . Previous | Index | Next . ]
Der Inhalt dieser Seite wurde am 06.11.2019 um 12.19 Uhr aktualisiert.
Navigation Seminare Magic Software Projekte Publikationen Kontakt Home
 
   huecker dot com * Germany | Datenschutz
© 1999, 2024 Franz-Josef Hücker. All Rights Reserved.
Send Page Print Page LinkedIn follow me on twitter RSS Feeds & Podcasts